feat(linear-static-mitc4-shell): step 4 - mitc4-stiffness-drilling
This commit is contained in:
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
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#include <gtest/gtest.h>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <array>
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#include <cmath>
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#include <cstddef>
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <limits>
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#include <stdexcept>
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#include <string>
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#include <vector>
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namespace {
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@@ -124,6 +127,194 @@ bool hasPositiveCholeskyPivots(const fesa::Matrix& matrix) {
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return true;
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}
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double frobeniusNorm(const fesa::Matrix& matrix) {
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double squaredNorm = 0.0;
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for (std::size_t row = 0U; row < matrix.rows(); ++row) {
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for (std::size_t column = 0U; column < matrix.columns(); ++column) {
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squaredNorm += matrix(row, column) * matrix(row, column);
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}
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}
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return std::sqrt(squaredNorm);
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}
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double scaledSymmetryError(
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const fesa::Matrix& matrix,
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std::size_t dofsPerNode,
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double elementLength) {
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fesa::Matrix difference{matrix.rows(), matrix.columns()};
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fesa::Matrix scaled{matrix.rows(), matrix.columns()};
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for (std::size_t row = 0U; row < matrix.rows(); ++row) {
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const double rowScale = row % dofsPerNode < 3U ? elementLength : 1.0;
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for (std::size_t column = 0U; column < matrix.columns(); ++column) {
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const double columnScale =
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column % dofsPerNode < 3U ? elementLength : 1.0;
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scaled(row, column) =
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rowScale * matrix(row, column) * columnScale;
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difference(row, column) = rowScale *
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(matrix(row, column) - matrix(column, row)) * columnScale;
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}
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}
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return frobeniusNorm(difference) / frobeniusNorm(scaled);
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}
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fesa::Matrix scaledStiffness(
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const fesa::Matrix& matrix,
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std::size_t dofsPerNode,
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double elementLength) {
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fesa::Matrix scaled{matrix.rows(), matrix.columns()};
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for (std::size_t row = 0U; row < matrix.rows(); ++row) {
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const double rowScale = row % dofsPerNode < 3U ? elementLength : 1.0;
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for (std::size_t column = 0U; column < matrix.columns(); ++column) {
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const double columnScale =
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column % dofsPerNode < 3U ? elementLength : 1.0;
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scaled(row, column) =
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rowScale * matrix(row, column) * columnScale;
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}
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}
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return scaled;
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}
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std::vector<double> symmetricEigenvalues(fesa::Matrix matrix) {
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if (matrix.rows() != matrix.columns()) {
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throw std::invalid_argument{"Symmetric eigensolve requires a square matrix."};
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}
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const std::size_t size = matrix.rows();
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double matrixScale = 0.0;
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for (std::size_t row = 0U; row < size; ++row) {
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for (std::size_t column = 0U; column < size; ++column) {
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matrixScale = (std::max)(matrixScale, std::abs(matrix(row, column)));
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}
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}
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if (matrixScale != 0.0) {
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const double convergenceTolerance = 1.0e-14 * matrixScale;
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const std::size_t iterationLimit = 100U * size * size;
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for (std::size_t iteration = 0U; iteration < iterationLimit; ++iteration) {
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std::size_t pivotRow = 0U;
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std::size_t pivotColumn = 0U;
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double largestOffDiagonal = 0.0;
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for (std::size_t row = 0U; row < size; ++row) {
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for (std::size_t column = row + 1U; column < size; ++column) {
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const double candidate = std::abs(matrix(row, column));
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if (candidate > largestOffDiagonal) {
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largestOffDiagonal = candidate;
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pivotRow = row;
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pivotColumn = column;
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}
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}
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}
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if (largestOffDiagonal <= convergenceTolerance) {
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break;
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}
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const double pivot = matrix(pivotRow, pivotColumn);
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const double tau =
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(matrix(pivotColumn, pivotColumn) - matrix(pivotRow, pivotRow)) /
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(2.0 * pivot);
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const double tangent = tau >= 0.0
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? 1.0 / (tau + std::sqrt(1.0 + tau * tau))
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: -1.0 / (-tau + std::sqrt(1.0 + tau * tau));
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const double cosine = 1.0 / std::sqrt(1.0 + tangent * tangent);
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const double sine = tangent * cosine;
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const double rowDiagonal = matrix(pivotRow, pivotRow);
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const double columnDiagonal = matrix(pivotColumn, pivotColumn);
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matrix(pivotRow, pivotRow) = rowDiagonal - tangent * pivot;
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matrix(pivotColumn, pivotColumn) = columnDiagonal + tangent * pivot;
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matrix(pivotRow, pivotColumn) = 0.0;
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matrix(pivotColumn, pivotRow) = 0.0;
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for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < size; ++index) {
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if (index == pivotRow || index == pivotColumn) {
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continue;
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}
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const double rowValue = matrix(index, pivotRow);
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const double columnValue = matrix(index, pivotColumn);
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const double rotatedRow = cosine * rowValue - sine * columnValue;
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const double rotatedColumn = sine * rowValue + cosine * columnValue;
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matrix(index, pivotRow) = rotatedRow;
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matrix(pivotRow, index) = rotatedRow;
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matrix(index, pivotColumn) = rotatedColumn;
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matrix(pivotColumn, index) = rotatedColumn;
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}
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}
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}
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std::vector<double> eigenvalues(size);
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for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < size; ++index) {
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eigenvalues[index] = matrix(index, index);
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}
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return eigenvalues;
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}
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std::size_t numericalRank(const fesa::Matrix& scaledMatrix) {
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const auto eigenvalues = symmetricEigenvalues(scaledMatrix);
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double spectralScale = 0.0;
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for (double eigenvalue : eigenvalues) {
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spectralScale = (std::max)(spectralScale, std::abs(eigenvalue));
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}
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return static_cast<std::size_t>(std::count_if(
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eigenvalues.begin(), eigenvalues.end(), [spectralScale](double eigenvalue) {
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return std::abs(eigenvalue) > 1.0e-9 * spectralScale;
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}));
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}
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double symmetricOperatorNorm(const fesa::Matrix& matrix) {
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const auto eigenvalues = symmetricEigenvalues(matrix);
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double result = 0.0;
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for (double eigenvalue : eigenvalues) {
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result = (std::max)(result, std::abs(eigenvalue));
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}
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return result;
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}
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double quadraticEnergy(const fesa::Matrix& stiffness, const fesa::Vector& vector) {
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return 0.5 * vector.dot(stiffness.multiply(vector));
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}
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fesa::Vector physicalField(const std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4>& values) {
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fesa::Vector result{20U};
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for (std::size_t nodeIndex = 0U; nodeIndex < 4U; ++nodeIndex) {
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for (std::size_t component = 0U; component < 5U; ++component) {
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result[5U * nodeIndex + component] = values[nodeIndex][component];
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}
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}
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return result;
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}
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void expectStrain(
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const fesa::Mitc4Shell& shell,
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const fesa::Vector& field,
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double xi,
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double eta,
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double zeta,
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const std::array<double, 5>& expected) {
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const auto actual = shell.strainDisplacement20(xi, eta, zeta).multiply(field);
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for (std::size_t component = 0U; component < expected.size(); ++component) {
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EXPECT_NEAR(actual[component], expected[component], 1.0e-12)
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<< "component " << component;
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}
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}
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fesa::Vector physicalRigidMode(
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const std::array<fesa::Node, 4>& nodes,
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const Vector3& translation,
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const Vector3& rotation) {
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fesa::Vector mode{24U};
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for (std::size_t nodeIndex = 0U; nodeIndex < nodes.size(); ++nodeIndex) {
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const Vector3 rotationalTranslation = cross(
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rotation, nodes[nodeIndex].coordinates);
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const std::size_t offset = 6U * nodeIndex;
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for (std::size_t component = 0U; component < 3U; ++component) {
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mode[offset + component] =
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translation[component] + rotationalTranslation[component];
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}
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// Remove the director-parallel component: it is numerical drilling,
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// not part of the five-DOF physical rigid motion.
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mode[offset + 3U] = rotation[0];
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mode[offset + 4U] = rotation[1];
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mode[offset + 5U] = 0.0;
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}
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return mode;
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}
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std::array<fesa::Node, 4> planarNodes() {
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return {
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node(1, {-1.0, -1.0, 0.0}),
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@@ -381,3 +572,254 @@ TEST(Mitc4ShellKinematics, UsesOneFixedTwoByTwoByTwoQuadratureOrder) {
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EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(points[point].weight, 1.0);
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}
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}
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// MITC4-KERNEL-001
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TEST(Mitc4ShellKernel, FormsFiniteScaledSymmetricPhysicalAndStabilizedStiffness) {
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const auto nodes = planarNodes();
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const auto shellCandidate = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
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nodePointers(nodes), directors(), section(), material());
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ASSERT_TRUE(shellCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto stiffnessCandidate = shellCandidate.value().stiffness();
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ASSERT_TRUE(stiffnessCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto& stiffness = stiffnessCandidate.value();
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EXPECT_EQ(stiffness.physicalLocal20.rows(), 20U);
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EXPECT_EQ(stiffness.physicalLocal20.columns(), 20U);
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EXPECT_EQ(stiffness.physicalGlobal24.rows(), 24U);
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EXPECT_EQ(stiffness.drillingGlobal24.rows(), 24U);
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EXPECT_EQ(stiffness.stabilizedGlobal24.rows(), 24U);
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for (const fesa::Matrix* matrix : {
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&stiffness.physicalLocal20,
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&stiffness.physicalGlobal24,
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&stiffness.drillingGlobal24,
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&stiffness.stabilizedGlobal24}) {
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for (std::size_t row = 0U; row < matrix->rows(); ++row) {
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for (std::size_t column = 0U; column < matrix->columns(); ++column) {
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EXPECT_TRUE(std::isfinite((*matrix)(row, column)));
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}
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}
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}
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EXPECT_LE(scaledSymmetryError(stiffness.physicalLocal20, 5U, 2.0), 1.0e-12);
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EXPECT_LE(scaledSymmetryError(stiffness.physicalGlobal24, 6U, 2.0), 1.0e-12);
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EXPECT_LE(scaledSymmetryError(stiffness.drillingGlobal24, 6U, 2.0), 1.0e-12);
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EXPECT_LE(scaledSymmetryError(stiffness.stabilizedGlobal24, 6U, 2.0), 1.0e-12);
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const auto repeatedCandidate = shellCandidate.value().stiffness();
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ASSERT_TRUE(repeatedCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto& repeated = repeatedCandidate.value();
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expectMatrixNear(repeated.physicalLocal20, stiffness.physicalLocal20, 0.0);
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expectMatrixNear(repeated.physicalGlobal24, stiffness.physicalGlobal24, 0.0);
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expectMatrixNear(repeated.drillingGlobal24, stiffness.drillingGlobal24, 0.0);
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expectMatrixNear(repeated.stabilizedGlobal24, stiffness.stabilizedGlobal24, 0.0);
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EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(repeated.drillingStiffness, stiffness.drillingStiffness);
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}
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// MITC4-KERNEL-002
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TEST(Mitc4ShellKernel, PreservesPhysicalEnergyUnderTwentyToTwentyFourCongruence) {
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const auto nodes = planarNodes();
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const auto shellCandidate = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
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nodePointers(nodes), directors(), section(), material());
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ASSERT_TRUE(shellCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto stiffnessCandidate = shellCandidate.value().stiffness();
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ASSERT_TRUE(stiffnessCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto& stiffness = stiffnessCandidate.value();
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fesa::Vector globalField{24U};
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for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < globalField.size(); ++index) {
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globalField[index] = 0.125 * static_cast<double>(
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static_cast<int>(index % 7U) - 3);
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}
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const auto physicalField20 =
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shellCandidate.value().physicalTransformation20().multiply(globalField);
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const double localEnergy = quadraticEnergy(
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stiffness.physicalLocal20, physicalField20);
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const double globalEnergy = quadraticEnergy(
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stiffness.physicalGlobal24, globalField);
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ASSERT_NE(localEnergy, 0.0);
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ASSERT_NE(globalEnergy, 0.0);
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EXPECT_LE(
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std::abs(globalEnergy - localEnergy) /
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(std::abs(globalEnergy) + std::abs(localEnergy)),
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1.0e-12);
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}
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// MITC4-KERNEL-003
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TEST(Mitc4ShellKernel, RetainsSixRigidModesAndHasExpectedPhysicalAndStabilizedRank) {
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const auto nodes = planarNodes();
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const auto shellCandidate = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
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nodePointers(nodes), directors(), section(), material());
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ASSERT_TRUE(shellCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto stiffnessCandidate = shellCandidate.value().stiffness();
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ASSERT_TRUE(stiffnessCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto& stiffness = stiffnessCandidate.value();
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const auto scaledPhysical20 =
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scaledStiffness(stiffness.physicalLocal20, 5U, 2.0);
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const auto scaledPhysical24 =
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scaledStiffness(stiffness.physicalGlobal24, 6U, 2.0);
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const auto scaledStabilized24 =
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scaledStiffness(stiffness.stabilizedGlobal24, 6U, 2.0);
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EXPECT_EQ(numericalRank(scaledPhysical20), 14U);
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EXPECT_EQ(numericalRank(scaledStabilized24), 18U);
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const std::array<fesa::Vector, 6> rigidModes{
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physicalRigidMode(nodes, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {}),
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physicalRigidMode(nodes, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {}),
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physicalRigidMode(nodes, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {}),
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physicalRigidMode(nodes, {}, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}),
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physicalRigidMode(nodes, {}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}),
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physicalRigidMode(nodes, {}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0})};
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const double physicalNorm = symmetricOperatorNorm(scaledPhysical24);
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const double stabilizedNorm = symmetricOperatorNorm(scaledStabilized24);
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ASSERT_GT(physicalNorm, 0.0);
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ASSERT_GT(stabilizedNorm, 0.0);
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for (const auto& rigidMode : rigidModes) {
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fesa::Vector scaledMode = rigidMode;
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for (std::size_t nodeIndex = 0U; nodeIndex < 4U; ++nodeIndex) {
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for (std::size_t component = 0U; component < 3U; ++component) {
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scaledMode[6U * nodeIndex + component] /= 2.0;
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}
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}
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const double modeNorm = scaledMode.norm();
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ASSERT_GT(modeNorm, 0.0);
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EXPECT_LE(
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scaledPhysical24.multiply(scaledMode).norm() /
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(physicalNorm * modeNorm),
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1.0e-10);
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EXPECT_LE(
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scaledStabilized24.multiply(scaledMode).norm() /
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(stabilizedNorm * modeNorm),
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1.0e-10);
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}
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}
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// MITC4-KERNEL-004
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TEST(Mitc4ShellPatch, ReproducesIndependentMembraneBendingShearAndTwistFields) {
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const auto nodes = planarNodes();
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const auto shellCandidate = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
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nodePointers(nodes), directors(), section(), material());
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ASSERT_TRUE(shellCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto& shell = shellCandidate.value();
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const auto stiffnessCandidate = shell.stiffness();
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ASSERT_TRUE(stiffnessCandidate.hasValue());
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const auto& stiffness = stiffnessCandidate.value().physicalLocal20;
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constexpr double magnitude = 0.2;
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const double gauss = 1.0 / std::sqrt(3.0);
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> e11Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> e22Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> g12Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> k11Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> k22Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> g13Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> g23Values{};
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std::array<std::array<double, 5>, 4> k12Values{};
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for (std::size_t nodeIndex = 0U; nodeIndex < nodes.size(); ++nodeIndex) {
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const double x = nodes[nodeIndex].coordinates[0];
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const double y = nodes[nodeIndex].coordinates[1];
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e11Values[nodeIndex][0] = magnitude * x;
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e22Values[nodeIndex][1] = magnitude * y;
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g12Values[nodeIndex][0] = 0.5 * magnitude * y;
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g12Values[nodeIndex][1] = 0.5 * magnitude * x;
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k11Values[nodeIndex][4] = magnitude * x;
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k22Values[nodeIndex][3] = -magnitude * y;
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g13Values[nodeIndex][2] = magnitude * x;
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g23Values[nodeIndex][2] = magnitude * y;
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k12Values[nodeIndex][2] = -0.5 * magnitude * x * y;
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k12Values[nodeIndex][3] = -0.5 * magnitude * x;
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k12Values[nodeIndex][4] = 0.5 * magnitude * y;
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}
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const std::array<fesa::Vector, 8> fields{
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physicalField(e11Values), physicalField(e22Values),
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physicalField(g12Values), physicalField(k11Values),
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physicalField(k22Values), physicalField(g13Values),
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physicalField(g23Values), physicalField(k12Values)};
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expectStrain(shell, fields[0], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {magnitude, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[1], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {0.0, magnitude, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[2], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {0.0, 0.0, magnitude, 0.0, 0.0});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[3], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {gauss * magnitude, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[4], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {0.0, gauss * magnitude, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[5], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, magnitude, 0.0});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[6], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, magnitude});
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expectStrain(shell, fields[7], gauss, -gauss, gauss, {0.0, 0.0, gauss * magnitude, 0.0, 0.0});
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for (const auto& field : fields) {
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EXPECT_GT(quadraticEnergy(stiffness, field), 0.0);
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}
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}
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// MITC4-KERNEL-005
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TEST(Mitc4ShellDrilling, UsesOnlyEightPositivePhysicalRotationDiagonalsAndFixedFactor) {
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const std::array<fesa::Node, 4> nodes{
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node(1, {-50.0, -50.0, 0.0}), node(2, {50.0, -50.0, 0.0}),
|
||||
node(3, {50.0, 50.0, 0.0}), node(4, {-50.0, 50.0, 0.0})};
|
||||
const auto shellCandidate = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
|
||||
nodePointers(nodes), directors(), section(0.1), material());
|
||||
ASSERT_TRUE(shellCandidate.hasValue());
|
||||
const auto stiffnessCandidate = shellCandidate.value().stiffness();
|
||||
ASSERT_TRUE(stiffnessCandidate.hasValue());
|
||||
const auto& stiffness = stiffnessCandidate.value();
|
||||
|
||||
double expectedReference = (std::numeric_limits<double>::max)();
|
||||
double allDiagonalMinimum = (std::numeric_limits<double>::max)();
|
||||
for (std::size_t nodeIndex = 0U; nodeIndex < 4U; ++nodeIndex) {
|
||||
for (std::size_t rotation = 3U; rotation < 5U; ++rotation) {
|
||||
const std::size_t index = 5U * nodeIndex + rotation;
|
||||
const double diagonal = stiffness.physicalLocal20(index, index);
|
||||
ASSERT_TRUE(std::isfinite(diagonal));
|
||||
ASSERT_GT(diagonal, 0.0);
|
||||
expectedReference = (std::min)(expectedReference, diagonal);
|
||||
}
|
||||
for (std::size_t component = 0U; component < 5U; ++component) {
|
||||
const std::size_t index = 5U * nodeIndex + component;
|
||||
const double diagonal = stiffness.physicalLocal20(index, index);
|
||||
if (std::isfinite(diagonal) && diagonal > 0.0) {
|
||||
allDiagonalMinimum = (std::min)(allDiagonalMinimum, diagonal);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(stiffness.drillingStiffness, 1.0e-3 * expectedReference);
|
||||
EXPECT_LT(allDiagonalMinimum, expectedReference);
|
||||
EXPECT_NE(stiffness.drillingStiffness, 1.0e-3 * allDiagonalMinimum);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// MITC4-KERNEL-006
|
||||
TEST(Mitc4ShellDrilling, FailsNonfiniteReferenceAndStabilizesEachPureDrillCoordinate) {
|
||||
const auto nodes = planarNodes();
|
||||
const auto shellCandidate = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
|
||||
nodePointers(nodes), directors(), section(), material());
|
||||
ASSERT_TRUE(shellCandidate.hasValue());
|
||||
const auto stiffnessCandidate = shellCandidate.value().stiffness();
|
||||
ASSERT_TRUE(stiffnessCandidate.hasValue());
|
||||
const auto& stiffness = stiffnessCandidate.value();
|
||||
|
||||
for (std::size_t nodeIndex = 0U; nodeIndex < 4U; ++nodeIndex) {
|
||||
fesa::Vector pureDrill{24U};
|
||||
pureDrill[6U * nodeIndex + 5U] = 1.0;
|
||||
EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(
|
||||
stiffness.physicalGlobal24.multiply(pureDrill).norm(), 0.0);
|
||||
const auto drillAction = stiffness.drillingGlobal24.multiply(pureDrill);
|
||||
EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(drillAction[6U * nodeIndex + 5U], stiffness.drillingStiffness);
|
||||
EXPECT_GT(quadraticEnergy(stiffness.drillingGlobal24, pureDrill), 0.0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const std::array<fesa::Node, 4> extremeNodes{
|
||||
node(1, {-5.0e9, -5.0e9, 0.0}), node(2, {5.0e9, -5.0e9, 0.0}),
|
||||
node(3, {5.0e9, 5.0e9, 0.0}), node(4, {-5.0e9, 5.0e9, 0.0})};
|
||||
const auto extremeShell = fesa::Mitc4Shell::create(
|
||||
nodePointers(extremeNodes), directors(), section(1.0), material(1.0e300));
|
||||
ASSERT_TRUE(extremeShell.hasValue());
|
||||
const auto failure = extremeShell.value().stiffness();
|
||||
ASSERT_FALSE(failure.hasValue());
|
||||
ASSERT_EQ(failure.status().diagnostics().size(), 1U);
|
||||
EXPECT_EQ(failure.status().diagnostics()[0].code, "invalid-shell-stiffness");
|
||||
const auto repeatedFailure = extremeShell.value().stiffness();
|
||||
ASSERT_FALSE(repeatedFailure.hasValue());
|
||||
ASSERT_EQ(repeatedFailure.status().diagnostics().size(), 1U);
|
||||
EXPECT_EQ(
|
||||
repeatedFailure.status().diagnostics()[0].code,
|
||||
failure.status().diagnostics()[0].code);
|
||||
EXPECT_EQ(
|
||||
repeatedFailure.status().diagnostics()[0].message,
|
||||
failure.status().diagnostics()[0].message);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user