| Load ID (*DLOAD) | Units | Description |
| CENT | $FL^{-4}(ML^{-3}T^{-2})$ | Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as $\rho\omega^{2}$ , where $\rho$ is the mass density per unit volume, $\omega$ is the angular velocity). |
| CENTRIF | $FL^{-4}(ML^{-3}T^{-1})$ | Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as $\omega^{2}$ , where $\omega$ is the angular velocity). |
| CORIO | $FL^{-4}T (ML^{-3}T^{-1})$ | Coriolis force (magnitude is input as $\rho\omega$ , where $\rho$ is the mass density per unit volume, $\omega$ is the angular velocity). |
| GRAV | $LT^{-2}$ | Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as acceleration). |
| HPn | $FL^{-2}$ | Hydrostatic pressure on face $n$ , linear in global $Z$ . |
| Pn | $FL^{-2}$ | Pressure on face $n$ . |
| ROTA | $T^{-2}$ | Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as $\alpha$ , where $\alpha$ is the rotary acceleration). |
| $\text{ROTDYNF}^{(S)}$ | $T^{-1}$ | Rotordynamic load (magnitude is input as $\omega$ , where $\omega$ is the angular velocity). |
| TRSHRn | $FL^{-2}$ | Shear traction on face $n$ . |
| $\text{TRSHRnNU}^{(S)}$ | $FL^{-2}$ | Nonuniform shear traction on face $n$ with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. |
| TRVECn | $FL^{-2}$ | General traction on face $n$ . |
| $\text{TRVECnNU}^{(S)}$ | $FL^{-2}$ | Nonuniform general traction on face $n$ with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. |
# Foundations
Foundations are available for all cylindrical elements. They are specified as described in “Element foundations,” Section 2.2.2.
| Load ID(*DSLOAD) | Units | Description |
| HP | $FL^{-2}$ | Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface, linear in global Z. |
| Pn | $FL^{-2}$ | Pressure on the element surface. |
| PnNU | $FL^{-2}$ | Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD. |
| TRSHR | $FL^{-2}$ | Shear traction on the element surface. |
| $TRSHRNU^{(S)}$ | $FL^{-2}$ | Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. |
| TRVEC | $FL^{-2}$ | General traction on the element surface. |
| $TRVECNU^{(S)}$ | $FL^{-2}$ | Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. |
# Element output
Output is in a fixed cylindrical system (1=radial, 2=axial, 3=circumferential) unless a local coordinate system is assigned to the element through the section definition (“Orientations,” Section 2.2.5) in which case output is in the local coordinate system (which rotates with the motion in large-displacement analysis). See “State storage,” Section 1.5.4 of the Abaqus Theory Guide, for details.
# Stress, strain, and other tensor components
Stress and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For example, the stress components are as follows:
| CAX4R | 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control |
| $CAX4RH^{(S)}$ | 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure |
| $CAX6^{(S)}$ | 6-node quadratic |
| $CAX6H^{(S)}$ | 6-node quadratic, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CAX6M | 6-node modified, with hourglass control |
| $CAX6MH^{(S)}$ | 6-node modified, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure |
| $CAX8^{(S)}$ | 8-node biquadratic |
| $CAX8H^{(S)}$ | 8-node biquadratic, hybrid with linear pressure |
| $CAX8R^{(S)}$ | 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration |
| $CAX8RH^{(S)}$ | 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure |
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2
Additional solution variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable and the linear pressure elements have three additional variables relating to pressure.
Element types CAX4I and CAX4IH have five additional variables relating to the incompatible modes.
Element types CAX6M and CAX6MH have two additional displacement variables.
Stress/displacement elements with twist
| CGAX3(S) | 3-node linear |
| CGAX3H(S) | 3-node linear, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX4(S) | 4-node bilinear |
| CGAX4H(S) | 4-node bilinear, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX4R(S) | 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control |
| CGAX4RH(S) | 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX6(S) | 6-node quadratic |
| CGAX6H(S) | 6-node quadratic, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CGAX6M(S) | 6-node modified, with hourglass control |
| CGAX6MH(S) | 6-node modified, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CGAX8(S) | 8-node biquadratic |
CGAX8H(S) 8-node biquadratic, hybrid with linear pressure
CGAX8R(S) 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration
CGAX8RH(S) 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 5
Additional solution variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable and the linear pressure elements have three additional variables relating to pressure.
Element types CGAX6M and CGAX6MH have three additional displacement variables.
Diffusive heat transfer or mass diffusion elements
| CAX3T | 3-node linear displacement and temperature |
| CAX4T(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature |
| CAX4HT(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CAX4RT | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control |
| CAX4RHT(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CAX6MT | 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control |
| CAX6MHT(S) | 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CAX8T(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature |
| CAX8HT(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CAX8RT(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration |
| CAX8RHT(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure |
# Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 11 at corner nodes
1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements in Abaqus/Standard
1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of the modified displacement and temperature elements in Abaqus/Standard
# Additional solution variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable and the linear pressure elements have three additional variables relating to pressure.
Element types CAX6MT and CAX6MHT have two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable.
# Coupled temperature-displacement elements with twist
CGAX3T(S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature
| CGAX3HT(S) | 3-node linear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX4T(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature |
| CGAX4HT(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX4RT(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control |
| CGAX4RHT(S) | 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX6MT(S) | 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control |
| CGAX6MHT(S) | 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure |
| CGAX8T(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature |
| CGAX8HT(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CGAX8RT(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration |
| CGAX8RHT(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure |
# Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 5, 11 at corner nodes
1, 2, 5 at midside nodes of second-order elements
1, 2, 5, 11 at midside nodes of the modified displacement and temperature elements
# Additional solution variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable and the linear pressure elements have three additional variables relating to pressure.
Element types CGAX6MT and CGAX6MHT have two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable.
# Pore pressure elements
| CAX6MPH(S) | 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CAX8P(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure |
| CAX8PH(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid with linear pressure |
| CAX8RP(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration |
| CAX8RPH(S) | 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure |
# Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 8 at corner nodes
1, 2 at midside nodes
# Additional solution variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to the effective pressure stress, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to the effective pressure stress to permit fully incompressible material modeling.
Element types CAX6MP and CAX6MPH have two additional displacement variables and one additional pore pressure variable.
# Coupled temperature–pore pressure elements