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source Four-Node Quadrilateral Shell Element MITC4 paper
Edita Dvorakova
Borek Patzak
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.825.99 Applied Mechanics and Materials 2026-05-28 2026-05-28 c-000022
FourNodeQuadrilateralShellElementMITC4
MITC4 paper
Four-Node Quadrilateral Shell Element MITC4
source
finite-element-method
shell-elements
mitc
implementation
current high .raw/FourNodeQuadrilateralShellElementMITC4/
markdown_files image_files
1 21
Edita Dvorakova
Borek Patzak
OOFEM
MITC4 Shell Element
Scordelis-Lo Shell Benchmark
Continuum Mechanics Based Four-Node Shell Element
Assumed Transverse Shear Strain Interpolation

Four-Node Quadrilateral Shell Element MITC4

Summary

This paper presents a four-node quadrilateral MITC4 shell element applicable to both thick and thin shells. The formulation starts from a three-dimensional continuum description degenerated to shell behavior, follows the Dvorkin-Bathe four-node shell element lineage, and uses MITC, Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components, to overcome transverse shear locking in thin shell analysis.

The local source is a converted Markdown/image extraction: one Markdown file and 21 extracted images under .raw/FourNodeQuadrilateralShellElementMITC4/.

Key Contributions

  • The source explains the MITC4 geometry and displacement interpolation using four shell vertices, director vectors, three translational degrees of freedom, and two rotational degrees of freedom per node.
  • It identifies shear locking as the key weakness of direct low-order shell interpolation for thin shells.
  • It uses assumed transverse shear strain components evaluated from edge-midpoint tying locations to construct a locking-resistant MITC strain field.
  • It describes implementation in OOFEM and reports patch-test verification for pure bending, pure shear, pure twist, and three membrane stress states.
  • It validates the implementation with the Scordelis-Lo Shell Benchmark, where MITC4 converges close to the reference displacement and performs competitively against an RDKT reference element.

Concepts Introduced

Entities Mentioned

Source Notes

  • Source path: .raw/FourNodeQuadrilateralShellElementMITC4/
  • Composite source hash recorded in .raw/.manifest.json.
  • The source extraction contains encoding artifacts in author names and Czech text. Derived pages normalize names to ASCII transliterations.