김경종
172 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
172 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
type: concept
|
|
title: "Finite Element Contact Formulation"
|
|
complexity: advanced
|
|
domain: computational-mechanics
|
|
created: 2026-05-29
|
|
updated: 2026-06-02
|
|
address: c-000060
|
|
aliases:
|
|
- contact formulation
|
|
- surface interaction
|
|
- finite element contact
|
|
tags:
|
|
- concept
|
|
- finite-element-method
|
|
- contact
|
|
- nonlinear-analysis
|
|
status: current
|
|
related:
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Theory Manual]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-I|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume I]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-IV|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume IV]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-V|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume V]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Surface and Assembly Modeling]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Analysis Procedures]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Contact Interaction Definition]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Contact Property Models]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Contact Formulations and Enforcement]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Contact Diagnostics and Modeling Difficulties]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Standard Contact Elements]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Connector Elements and Behaviors]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Cohesive and Gasket Elements]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Special-Purpose Interaction Elements]]"
|
|
- "[[Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis]]"
|
|
- "[[ABAQUS]]"
|
|
- "[[Midas FEA Static Contact Analysis]]"
|
|
- "[[Midas FEA Interface Elements and Nonlinearities]]"
|
|
- "[[Midas NFX Contact Analysis]]"
|
|
sources:
|
|
- "[[Abaqus Theory Manual]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-I|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume I]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-IV|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume IV]]"
|
|
- "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-V|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume V]]"
|
|
- "[[Midas-FEA-Analysis-Manual|Midas FEA Analysis Manual]]"
|
|
- "[[Midas-NFX-Analysis-Manual|Midas NFX Analysis Manual]]"
|
|
source_refs:
|
|
- source: "[[Abaqus Theory Manual]]"
|
|
raw_path: ".raw/AbaqusTheoriesManual/"
|
|
raw_files:
|
|
- "AbaqusTheoriesManual_075.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusTheoriesManual_077.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusTheoriesManual_index2.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusTheoriesManual_078.md"
|
|
md_indices:
|
|
- 75
|
|
- 77
|
|
- 87
|
|
- 78
|
|
match: "heuristic-heading-keyword"
|
|
confidence: high
|
|
- source: "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-I|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume I]]"
|
|
raw_path: ".raw/AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide1/"
|
|
raw_files:
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide1_004.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide1_051.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide1_024.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide1_025.md"
|
|
md_indices:
|
|
- 4
|
|
- 51
|
|
- 24
|
|
- 25
|
|
match: "heuristic-heading-keyword"
|
|
confidence: high
|
|
- source: "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-IV|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume IV]]"
|
|
raw_path: ".raw/AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide4/"
|
|
raw_files:
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide4_004.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide4_099.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide4_093.md"
|
|
md_indices:
|
|
- 4
|
|
- 99
|
|
- 93
|
|
match: "heuristic-heading-keyword"
|
|
confidence: high
|
|
- source: "[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-V|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume V]]"
|
|
raw_path: ".raw/AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide5/"
|
|
raw_files:
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide5_080.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide5_086.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide5_075.md"
|
|
- "AbaqusAnalysisUserGuide5_052.md"
|
|
md_indices:
|
|
- 80
|
|
- 86
|
|
- 75
|
|
- 52
|
|
match: "heuristic-heading-keyword"
|
|
confidence: high
|
|
- source: "[[Midas-FEA-Analysis-Manual|Midas FEA Analysis Manual]]"
|
|
raw_path: ".raw/MidasFEAAnalysisManual/"
|
|
raw_files:
|
|
- "MidasFEAAnalysisManual_047.md"
|
|
md_indices:
|
|
- 47
|
|
match: "heuristic-heading-keyword"
|
|
confidence: high
|
|
- source: "[[Midas-NFX-Analysis-Manual|Midas NFX Analysis Manual]]"
|
|
raw_path: ".raw/MidasNFXAnalysisManual/"
|
|
raw_files:
|
|
- "MidasNFXAnalysisManual_024.md"
|
|
- "MidasNFXAnalysisManual_009.md"
|
|
- "MidasNFXAnalysisManual_002.md"
|
|
- "MidasNFXAnalysisManual_010.md"
|
|
md_indices:
|
|
- 24
|
|
- 9
|
|
- 2
|
|
- 10
|
|
match: "heuristic-heading-keyword"
|
|
confidence: low
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Finite Element Contact Formulation
|
|
|
|
## Definition
|
|
|
|
Finite element contact formulation enforces interaction conditions between surfaces or bodies, usually preventing penetration while optionally modeling friction, separation, pressure-overclosure behavior, and coupled surface effects.
|
|
|
|
## How It Works
|
|
|
|
The Abaqus manual treats contact as an interface-modeling problem. Contact constraints relate surface motion and traction across deformable-deformable or deformable-rigid interactions. Different sliding assumptions, enforcement strategies, and surface definitions control how the contact kinematics are tracked during nonlinear increments.
|
|
|
|
Surface interactions can also carry frictional, thermal, electrical, acoustic, or other coupled behavior. These effects make contact more than a boundary condition: it becomes a nonlinear interface law whose active set, tangent terms, and state can change during the solution.
|
|
|
|
The user guide adds the model-definition layer: contact and interface behavior are applied to named surfaces, which can be element-based, node-based, analytical rigid, or Eulerian material surfaces. This makes surface definition and orientation part of the contact model, not just preprocessing detail.
|
|
|
|
[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-IV|Volume IV]] adds element alternatives to pure surface contact. Connector elements can idealize point-to-point joint behavior, cohesive and gasket elements can give an interface its own constitutive thickness or traction-separation law, and special-purpose surface or acoustic interface elements can expose targeted interaction behavior.
|
|
|
|
[[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-V|Volume V]] expands contact into a complete modeling workflow: define general contact or contact pairs, assign surface and contact properties, select formulation and enforcement methods, inspect diagnostics, resolve modeling difficulties, and use Abaqus/Standard contact elements only for specialized cases.
|
|
|
|
[[Midas-FEA-Analysis-Manual|Midas FEA Analysis Manual]] adds a search-and-penalty view: global bucket search, local master-surface search, Newton closest-point calculation, penetration-based penalty force, symmetric weld/general contact, and contact force output on slave surfaces.
|
|
|
|
[[Midas-NFX-Analysis-Manual|Midas NFX Analysis Manual]] adds a broader contact set: general, rough, welded, sliding, breaking-weld, single-surface, node-to-surface, surface-to-surface, and mortar contact, with penalty normal force, friction limits, smoothed force transition, and contact-force based weld release.
|
|
|
|
## Why It Matters
|
|
|
|
Contact is one of the common reasons a finite element problem becomes nonlinear. It can dominate convergence, mesh sensitivity, and physical response, especially in shell-to-solid interaction, impact, forming, bolted assemblies, and problems with changing boundary conditions.
|
|
|
|
## Connections
|
|
|
|
- [[Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis]] provides the active-set and incremental context for contact.
|
|
- [[Abaqus Analysis Procedures]] determines whether the contact is solved by implicit, explicit, dynamic, or specialized workflows.
|
|
- [[Abaqus Element Library]] supplies the surfaces and element types that participate in contact.
|
|
- [[Abaqus Surface and Assembly Modeling]] describes how named surfaces are constructed before they are used by contact.
|
|
- [[Abaqus Contact Interaction Definition]], [[Abaqus Contact Property Models]], and [[Abaqus Contact Formulations and Enforcement]] split the Abaqus contact workflow into definition, behavior, and numerical enforcement.
|
|
- [[Abaqus Contact Diagnostics and Modeling Difficulties]] covers initial overclosures, surface quality, redundant constraints, and other contact failure modes.
|
|
- [[Abaqus Connector Elements and Behaviors]] and [[Abaqus Cohesive and Gasket Elements]] cover element-based interaction alternatives.
|
|
- [[Midas FEA Static Contact Analysis]] describes contact search and penalty enforcement in Midas.
|
|
- [[Midas FEA Interface Elements and Nonlinearities]] covers predefined interface elements and nonlinear interface laws.
|
|
- [[Midas NFX Contact Analysis]] describes NFX penalty contact, mortar contact, friction, and breaking-weld behavior.
|
|
|
|
## Sources
|
|
|
|
- [[Abaqus Theory Manual]]
|
|
- [[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-I|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume I]]
|
|
- [[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-IV|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume IV]]
|
|
- [[Abaqus-Analysis-User-s-Guide-Volume-V|Abaqus Analysis User's Guide Volume V]]
|
|
- [[Midas-FEA-Analysis-Manual|Midas FEA Analysis Manual]]
|
|
- [[Midas-NFX-Analysis-Manual|Midas NFX Analysis Manual]]
|